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YAML is popular for configuration files (Kubernetes manifests, GitHub Actions workflows, Docker Compose) because its indentation-based syntax is clean and human-readable with minimal punctuation. JSON is the universal standard for APIs and data interchange — every language has a native parser, and the format is unambiguous. TOML is growing in the developer tooling space (Python's pyproject.toml, Rust's Cargo.toml) because it maps cleanly to hash tables and avoids YAML's indentation pitfalls. The most important YAML gotcha: indentation is significant and tabs are not allowed — mixing tabs and spaces causes cryptic parse errors. Always use 2-space indentation and a YAML linter in CI.